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Authors
Anbuchezhiyan, G.
Mahesan, S. Saravana
Babu, Senthil
Thirumalai Kumaran, S.
Das, Oisik
Shanmugam, Vigneshwaran
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Lulea University of Technology
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Article History
Received: 21 November 2025
Accepted: 23 April 2026
First Online: 14 May 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: All authors consent to the publication of this work.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: ChatGPT (OpenAI, GPT-4o) was used for language editing and refinement. The authors are fully responsible for the content and interpretation of the manuscript. Spyder (Python IDE) was used to develop and execute the regression and life-cycle assessment (LCA) scripts employed in the data analysis.
