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Article History

Received: 31 December 2025

Accepted: 18 June 2026

First Online: 7 July 2026

Declarations

:

: The research presented in this article falls within the domain of materials processing and does not involve any studies on humans or animals. The work has been conducted in full compliance with established ethical standards and principles of professional integrity. The Phoenix sp. plant materials utilized in this research were sourced from a private agricultural farm situated in Periyaputhur (Latitude: 11.219481°, Longitude: 77.028788°), Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India. The farm is owned by one of the authors, Dr. M.G.Ranjithkumar, who, in his capacity as both landowner and investigator, provided explicit authorization for the harvesting and use of the plant materials for research purposes.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.