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Authors
Khattab, Tawfik A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7834-4952
Mourad, Ashraf H.
Attia, Yasser A.
Zhou, Yang
Ding, Xianting
Ahmed, Hend M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Centre (National Research Centre)
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Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 25 September 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflict of interest. As a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Applied Sciences, I (Dr. Tawfik Khattab) declare no competing interests that could appear to compromise, conflict or influence the validity of the publication.
: All authors were participated in this work.
: All authors agree to publish.
