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Authors
Mohammedani, Eatezaz A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4727-4108
Refai, Menna Allah Salah
Shaheen, Lamiaa Adel
Basheer, Rania Abdelrahman Osman
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Article History
Received: 22 July 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 2 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study is based solely on secondary data derived from a systematic literature review and comparative analysis of publicly accessible urban projects. As no primary data from human participants or animal subjects were collected, formal ethical approval was not required.
