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Article History

Received: 19 January 2025

Accepted: 27 July 2025

First Online: 24 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The Institutional Ethical Review Board approved the study, Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, Daffodil International University, Dhaka − 1216, Bangladesh (Protocol No. Ethics/khaled8/2023. The respondent’s identity was maintained as anonymous. Before each interview, participants were asked for permission and could withdraw at any moment. The participants were provided with detailed information about the objectives, research methodology, data sharing and utilization policy, expected challenges and benefits, and the researcher’s institutional affiliations. After understanding these aspects, the participants mostly provided written informed consent, and the illiterate participants provided verbal informed consent. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants involved in the study. All participants were adults (above 18 years of age) and consented voluntarily after being informed about the purpose and confidentiality of the research. No participants under the age of 18 were involved in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.