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Authors
Mohammed, Mohammed Omar Musa
Ayele, Dawit G.
Abdallah, Ahmed Saied Rahama
Mohammed, Aziza Ahmed Seneen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deanship of Scientific Research, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (2025/R/1446, 2025/R/1446)
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Deanship of Research at the University of Gezira reviewed and approved the research protocol, which was represented by the Faculty of Economics and Rural Development, Department of Applied Statistics and Demography, Sudan. The date is (9/2/2021, GG/KITR/GITD/21). This study was conducted under the ethical and relevant guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants’ parents before their inclusion in the study, ensuring they were fully aware of the study’s purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits.
: Not applicable.
