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Authors
Mawunu, Monizi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6658-9223
Mampasi, Nzayadio https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3571-6292
de Carvalho, Messias https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5503-7095
Pedro, Macuntima https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1641-5370
Ndiku, Luyindula https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7816-1363
Luyeye, Lukoki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1233-9699
Masengo, Colette Ashande https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9086-5731
Ngbolua, Koto-Te-Nyiwa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0066-8153
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Article History
Received: 15 June 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol received ethical clearance from the Ethics Committee of the National Scientific Council, Ministry of Higher Education, University, Scientific Research and Innovation of the Democratic Republic of Congo (reference number 005/PMT/CSN/RDC/023). The approval was granted in strict compliance with international standards for research ethics and in alignment with the principles of the Convention on Biological Diversity, particularly regarding access, benefit-sharing, and the sustainable use of biological resources. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The distribution of the questionnaires was conducted on a purely voluntary basis, with healers and local community members invited to contribute to the study in order to provide support for their own community. Furthermore, informed consent was obtained from each informant orally in advance of the commencement of data collection. The interview procedure was explained to each participant in their native language.
: All authors agree with the content of this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
