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Article History

Received: 21 July 2025

Accepted: 14 November 2025

First Online: 22 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study received ethical approval from the Headquarters, Prison Administration and Reform Services, Government of Uttar Pradesh (Approval No.: 239/FN/SHS/BBAU/23). The research was non-interventional and conducted under administrative permission in accordance with national ethical guidelines. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after explaining the study objectives and their right to withdraw at any stage.

: Participants provided consent for anonymized data to be published for academic and scientific purposes only.

: Not Applicable.