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Authors
Chime, Onyinye Hope https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1055-9903
Orji, Chinonyelu Jennie https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9967-3878
Udeh, Nnenma Ndidiamaka https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8801-9897
Achi, Ebere Juliet https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9696-0838
Ani, Chijioke Collins https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0966-6566
Ossai, Edmund Ndudi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4098-4898
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Article History
Received: 4 July 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Health Research and Ethics Committee of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu. The management of the institutions granted permission to carry out the study.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the National Code of Health Research Ethics (NCHRE), Federal Republic of Nigeria, and the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision). To preserve anonymity and maintain confidentiality, the researchers de-identified identifiable information, including identities of researchers and protocol numbers.
: The authors declare that this manuscript is an original work and has not been published elsewhere. We hold the copyright and have the right to grant publication rights. We hereby grant consent to publish our manuscript in your journal.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
