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Authors
Hersi, Hamda Mohamed https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7465-9375
Mohamed, Shurki Ali https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1101-6641
Sani, Jamilu https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9089-5973
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Article History
Received: 24 August 2025
Accepted: 5 January 2026
First Online: 19 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study is based on secondary analysis of data from the 2020 Somaliland Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS), conducted by the Somaliland Ministry of Planning, Department of Statistics, in collaboration with relevant stakeholders. Access to the anonymized dataset was granted by the data custodians. The original survey adhered to international ethical standards. Since the dataset is de-identified and publicly available, no additional ethical approval was required for this secondary analysis. The original survey obtained informed consent from all participants, ensuring they voluntarily agreed to participate. The confidentiality of participants' data was assured throughout the data collection process, consistent with international ethical standards.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
