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Authors
Abdilleh, Mohamed Mohamoud https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7253-9814
Daud, Eid Ibrahim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5428-0069
Abdi, Hamse Adam
Dahir, Mustafa Hassan
Muse, Abdisalam Hassan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4905-0044
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Article History
Received: 24 October 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 1 February 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical board review was not specifically required for the present analysis due to its nature as a secondary analysis of publicly accessible data from the Somalia Health and Demographic Survey (SHDS). Access to the requisite data was formally requested by the authors and subsequently approved by the SHDS program administrators.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants during the original SHDS data collection.
