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Authors
Moghaddam, Fatemeh https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0077-2295
Torabi, Omid https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0312-2735
Norouzi, Alireza https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4087-5245
Taheri-Kharameh, Zahra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9968-7951
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Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Ethics Committee of Qom University of Medical Sciences. The research was conducted in accordance with institutional ethical guidelines and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All procedures adhered to the approved protocol, and confidentiality and anonymity were ensured throughout the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participation was entirely voluntary, and individuals were clearly informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences. All responses were collected anonymously, and personal information was protected with strict confidentiality measures.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
