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Authors
Sajjadi, Mohammad Shayan https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5096-9040
Sajjadi, Moosa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5449-9113
Nahayati, Mohammad Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8373-6053
Emery, Holly https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6129-4423
Nasirzadeh, Amirreza https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8929-9923
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nursing School, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences
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Article History
Received: 3 January 2026
Accepted: 5 March 2026
First Online: 8 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran (IR.GMU.REC.1403.056). All procedures performed in this study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participation was voluntary, and questionnaires were completed anonymously to ensure confidentiality.
: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
