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Authors
Ide, Kazushige
Watanabe, Ryota
Saito, Masashige
Kawaguchi, Kenjiro
Matsumura, Kiyomi
Kondo, Katsunori
Nakagomi, Atsushi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kajima Foundation
TOTEC AMENITY LIMITED
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22K13558, 25K16857)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23H00060)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (20H00557)
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (19FA1012, 19FA2001, 21FA1012, 22FA2001, 22FA1010, 22FG2001)
Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP21dk0110037)
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JPMJOP1831)
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Article History
Received: 17 December 2025
Accepted: 16 March 2026
First Online: 18 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Chiba University Ethics Review Committee in accordance with the guidelines and regulations set forth by the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol number for this approval is M10646. Informed consent was obtained from all participants for participation in the study.
: Not applicable.
: Kazushige IDE and Katsunori KONDO received joint research funding from TOTEC AMENITY LIMITED. Nishiwaki used TOTEC AMENITY LIMITED’s system to collect data. The authors declare no other conflicts of interest. TOTEC AMENITY LIMITED provided the system used to collect attendance records and part of the follow-up survey data. TOTEC AMENITY LIMITED had no role in the study design, participants recruitment, data analysis, interpretation of results, or preparation of the manuscript.
