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Article History

Received: 23 January 2026

Accepted: 28 May 2026

First Online: 31 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was a non-interventional survey conducted in strict accordance with relevant ethical standards and guidelines, including the Declaration of Helsinki. The research procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities (USSH), Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM) (Approval No. 50-2025). All participants were thoroughly apprised of the study’s objective, the voluntary nature of their involvement, as well as the confidentiality and anonymity of their data. Informed consent was acquired from all subjects before data collection commenced. Participants were apprised of their entitlement to withdraw from the study at any moment without repercussions. The study protocols presented no physical or psychological hazards to participants.

: All participants provided informed consent for the utilization of their anonymized data for research and publication purposes prior to their involvement in the study. No personally identifiable information was gathered or incorporated in this paper; hence, approval for the publication of individual data or photographs was unnecessary.

: The authors declare no competing interests.