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Article History

Received: 20 January 2026

Accepted: 29 May 2026

First Online: 4 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This investigation was executed in compliance with the ethical guidelines stated in the Declaration of Helsinki regarding research with human subjects. The research procedure received approval from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Social Sciences and Humanities (USSH), Viet Nam National University, Ho Chi Minh City (VNUHCM) (Approval No.: [28-2025]). All participants were thoroughly apprised of the study's aims, the voluntary nature of their involvement, data confidentiality, anonymity, and their freedom to withdraw at any moment without repercussions. Informed consent in writing was secured from all participants before the collection of data. The study techniques presented no physical or psychological dangers and strictly complied with ethical norms protecting participants' rights and welfare.

: All participants provided informed consent for the use of their anonymized data for research and publication purposes prior to participation. No identifiable personal information or images were collected or included in this manuscript; therefore, separate consent for publication of individual data was not required.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not applicable.