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Authors
Jaafarpour, Molouk https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7314-9955
Taghizadeh, Ziba https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3390-1601
Ebadi, Abbas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-7005
Direkvand-Moghadam, Ashraf https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1789-4373
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Article History
Received: 12 November 2025
Accepted: 5 June 2026
First Online: 14 June 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval: This study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.TUMS.VCR.REC1398.046). The research was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Participants were informed about the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, their right to withdraw at any time, and the confidentiality of their data.
Consent for publication: Participants consented to the publication of anonymized findings from their interviews. All personally identifiable information was removed to protect participant privacy and confidentiality.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
