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Authors
Rahaman, Margubur https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2403-9033
Rana, Md. Juel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8830-492X
Venkatesh, U. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8059-9364
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Article History
Received: 4 February 2026
Accepted: 10 June 2026
First Online: 23 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study used secondary, anonymised data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019–-21). Ethical approval was obtained by the competent authority of the NFHS. No additional ethical approval is required for this study.
: Not applicable.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants by the NFHS survey team prior to data collection.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
