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Article History

Received: 5 June 2025

Accepted: 9 September 2025

First Online: 5 November 2025

Declarations

:

: We confirm that this study does not involve any clinical trials or human participants. It is purely computational research based exclusively on publicly available financial data obtained from Yahoo Finance. No personal, sensitive, or confidential data were used, and no clinical procedures or ethical approvals were required. The use of publicly accessible financial datasets complies with all applicable terms of service and ethical standards for data usage in research.

: Not applicable.

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.