Crossmark

Undergraduates perceive differences in helpfulness and thoroughness of responses of ChatGPT 3.0, Gemini 1.5, and copilot responses about drug interactions

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-025-00527-y

Published Online: 2025-10-06

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Grant, Jennifer E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-2905
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-06

Version of Record valid from 2025-10-06
More Information

Article History

Received: 8 July 2025

Accepted: 11 September 2025

First Online: 6 October 2025

Declarations

:

: JEG obtained prior approval under UW-Stout’s Institutional Review Board (IRB) policies and from UW-Stout’s IRB committee.

: No third party content was used in this submission.

: JG does not have any collaborations with the companies associated with these chatbots but JG owns microsoft stock and mutual funds that may own shares of any of the companies involved, potentially including specific pharmaceutical and technology companies.

Document is current

Any future updates will be listed below