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Authors
Li, Zheng
Yin, Juan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Fundamental Research Funds for Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology (2024QNJS112, 2023QNJS164)
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 19 September 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethics declaration is not applicable to this study. This research focuses on the development and validation of an automatic cattle face image capture and cropping system based on the improved YOLOv3 framework. Throughout the entire research process, no experimental operations (such as drug injection, surgical treatment, or environmental intervention) were performed on cattle; the study only involved non-invasive collection of cattle face images in natural breeding environments and subsequent algorithmic processing of the collected image data. Since no experimental animals were subjected to potential harm or ethical risks, ethical review and approval are not required, making the ethics declaration inapplicable.
: This study does not involve any content that requires specific consent for publication. The cattle face image data used in the research are obtained from non-public natural breeding scenarios, and the data do not contain any personal information of individuals (such as breeders’ private data), third-party copyrighted materials, or content that involves intellectual property disputes. The core research results presented in the paper focus on the design of the YOLOv3 improvement algorithm and the performance verification of the automatic capture system, which are independent research outputs of the research team.
: Consent to participate primarily applies to studies involving human participants or research objects that require active cooperation (e.g., filling out questionnaires, participating in experiments). However, this research takes cattle as the image collection object, and the cattle do not have the capacity to provide "consent to participate" in a subjective sense. Meanwhile, the image collection process is non-intrusive and does not require the cattle to participate in specific experimental procedures. Additionally, no human participants are involved in the research.
