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Authors
Muthusami, Rathinasamy
Saritha, Kandhasamy
Rao, Kolli Srinivasa
Sugapriya, Palanisamy
Saveetha, G.
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Article History
Received: 16 July 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare there is no conflict of interest
: This research did not involve human participants, animal experiments, or clinical trials. All datasets used (SemEval-2016 Task 6, COVID-19 Stance Dataset, and other publicly available benchmark corpora) are openly accessible and have been previously released with appropriate ethical clearance by their original creators.
: Not applicable. The study relies solely on publicly available, anonymized datasets and does not involve direct interaction with human participants.
: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including images, videos, or case details).
