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Article History

Received: 28 March 2025

Accepted: 3 November 2025

First Online: 27 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study did not involve human participants and therefore did not require ethical approval. The data was collected from publicly available learning platforms with adherence to their privacy policies. Informed consent to participate was not required, as the data used in this study was publicly available and anonymized. The data was obtained from online learning platforms under their privacy and data usage policies.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest regarding this work.