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Authors
Ma, Lei
Han, Wei
Li, Jingyu
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Article History
Received: 5 December 2024
Accepted: 4 November 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: The research was ethically approved by the Academic Committee of Beijing Polytechnic. Prior to participation. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. The study was conducted in agreement with the guidelines governing research involving human participants, as outlined by the Academic Committee of the Beijing Polytechnic.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
