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Article History

Received: 14 July 2025

Accepted: 17 December 2025

First Online: 20 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This study utilized publicly available, previously anonymized datasets obtained from Kaggle (Dementia Prediction Dataset - Lifestyle factors) and the OASIS-2 repository. No new human subjects or animals were involved in this research. All data analysis was conducted on pre-existing, de-identified datasets that were collected and shared in accordance with their respective ethical approvals and data sharing agreements. As no new human data collection occurred, institutional ethics review was not required for this secondary data analysis study. The research adhered to ethical guidelines for secondary data analysis as outlined by relevant institutional and international standards.

: Not applicable. No individual participant data requiring specific consent for publication was collected in this study. All datasets used were publicly available with appropriate licensing permissions for research and publication purposes. No identifying information or individual participant details are reported in this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.