Document is current

Article History

Received: 8 August 2025

Accepted: 25 December 2025

First Online: 23 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The Johannesburg Business School, University of Johannesburg ethics committee granted ethical clearance for the research, under reference code JBSREC202438. The ethical guideline followed were according to the principles of University of Johannesburg ethical principles involving human participants.

: Participation in this study was entirely voluntary. All participants were informed about the study's nature, purpose, and procedures, and gave their informed consent before participating. Confidentiality was assured, and their data was anonymised to protect their identity. Participants were apprised of their entitlement to withdraw from the study at any time without consequences. This study adhered to ethical standards and guidelines for responsible research practices.

: All participants in this study provided informed consent for the dissemination of anonymised data and findings derived from their contributions. They were notified that their responses, interactions, or data could be utilised in academic publications, reports, or presentations, with the assurance that no personally identifiable information would be disclosed. The participants agreed to the processing of this data for academic and educational purposes, in accordance with ethical research standards and institutional regulations.