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Article History

Received: 7 August 2025

Accepted: 2 January 2026

First Online: 11 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The research techniques used in this study were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) at Birla Institute of Technology (BIT), Mesra, Ranchi, India, under Approval No: CSE/HoD/Certificate/2023-24/164. All methods with human subjects followed the ethical rules established by the institutional research committee, which were consistent with the principles of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its revisions, or equivalent ethical standards.

: Not applicable.

: All individual participants included in the study provided informed consent. Participants were presented with clear and comprehensive details about the study’s purpose, objectives, potential risks, and benefits. They were afforded the opportunity to address any inquiries they had before their data was recorded.

: Not applicable. This is not a clinical trial, it is an observational experimental study in which wearable sensor data are collected from participants who consent and conducted with institutional ethical approval.

: The authors declare no competing interests.