Veningston, K.
Ronalda, M.
Sathiyaraj, R.
Selvan, C.
Venkateswara Rao, P. V.
Karravula, Janardhan
Funding for this research was provided by:
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
Article History
Received: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 13 January 2026
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This study does not involve any experiments on humans or animals performed by any of the authors. Therefore, ethical approval was not required. Not applicable. The study does not involve third-party human participants; hence, no consent to participate is required. However, all authors provided informed consent for participation in the study.
: Not applicable. Authors clarify that the study primarily uses publicly available benchmark datasets. Additionally, the real-time analysis was conducted using images of the author(s) themselves, for which full consent to use and publish the images has been obtained. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and consent to its publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.