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Article History

Received: 20 June 2025

Accepted: 21 January 2026

First Online: 6 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The research was ethically approved by the Ethics Committee of the Zhengzhou Technology and Business University. Prior to participation, all participants were duly informed of their rights and responsibilities and provided explicit written consent. The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.