Document is current

Article History

Received: 10 October 2025

Accepted: 6 March 2026

First Online: 13 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. Ethical review and approval were not required for this study because it involved an anonymous questionnaire administered to competent adult university students, posed minimal risk, and did not involve the collection or processing of personal data or special-category data. In accordance with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (Reg. (EU) 2016/679, Recital 26) and the Italian Privacy Code (Legislative Decree 196/2003, as amended by Legislative Decree 101/2018), anonymous information falls outside the scope of data-protection obligations. The study did not fall under healthcare or clinical research frameworks requiring ethics-committee review. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Participation was voluntary and limited to adults ( 18 years). Prior to participation, instructors explained the purpose of the study in class and participants were informed through an introductory screen in the questionnaire. Only students who agreed to participate were included. No personal or identifying data were collected, and participants could discontinue participation at any time.

: Not applicable. The study did not collect personal or identifiable data, and all reported results are based solely on anonymous responses.

: The authors declare no conflict of interest.