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Article History

Received: 1 October 2025

Accepted: 6 March 2026

First Online: 10 May 2026

Declarations

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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of Manchester Metropolitan University (United Kingdom) and complied with all relevant national research ethics regulations. Ethical approval was granted by the institution’s Research Ethics Committee. The study posed minimal risk to participants as it involved anonymous survey data about educational experiences, and all procedures adhered to guidelines ensuring privacy, confidentiality, and data protection in line with UK GDPR provisions.Informed consent was obtained from all participants before data collection commenced. Participants were fully informed about the purpose of the study, the voluntary nature of participation, their right to withdraw at any time without penalty, and the measures taken to ensure anonymity and confidentiality. The survey was designed to collect data anonymously, and no personal identifiers were recorded.

: Participants were informed that anonymised excerpts of their responses, including direct quotations from open-ended survey questions, may be used in academic publications and presentations. Participation in the study implied consent for the use of anonymised data for research dissemination purposes. No identifiable information will be published.

: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author declares that there are no conflict of interest related to this study. All authors have disclosed any financial or personal relationships that could potentially influence the research presented.