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Article History

Received: 14 January 2026

Accepted: 17 March 2026

First Online: 6 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: During the preparation of this manuscript, the author used Gemini to assist in organizing the thematic structure of the sections and providing short initial draft outlines based on the author's original research concepts. The tool was also used to help in the formulation of mathematical equations and technical definitions related to the Net Carbon Impact (NCI) framework. Following this phase, the author manually conducted an extensive literature review, verifying and integrating all references. All AI-generated outputs, including the narrative text and table contents, were significantly modified, added, and rewritten by the author to ensure factual accuracy based on verified sources. The author independently designed the final versions of all figures. The author remains fully responsible for the scientific integrity, data accuracy, and final content of the manuscript.