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Article History

Received: 14 October 2025

Accepted: 5 May 2026

First Online: 14 May 2026

Declarations

:

: This study involved human participants and utilized two datasets: (i) a curated dataset of hand gesture images collected from students of Chittannur Kalakshetra, Kannur district, Kerala, India, and (ii) a publicly available online dataset used in accordance with its licensing terms. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection, and from parents or legal guardians in the case of minors. Only hand gesture images were collected with explicit permission, and no facial or personally identifiable information was recorded.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.