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Authors
Bhardwaj, Bhupendra Kumar
Singh, Satya
Mossie, Molla Addisu
Workineh, Tewodros Gera
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Article History
Received: 25 December 2025
Accepted: 7 May 2026
First Online: 22 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. This study utilized publicly available medical imaging datasets from Kaggle (Brain Tumor MRI Dataset, Chest X-Ray Images, and Retinal OCT Images) that do not require ethics approval or participant consent.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. No individual patient data or identifiable information is included in this manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
