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Authors
Arage, Fetlework Gubena
Alemu, Gebrie Getu
Yismaw, Getaneh Awoke
Getahun, Habtamu Abebe
Abuhay, Habtamu Wagnew
Aweke, Mekuriaw Nibret
Alemayehu, Meron Asmamaw
Derseh, Nebiyu Mekonnen
Tsegaw, Tigist Kifle
Birhan, Tilahun Yemanu
Addis, Banchlay
Ayele, Berhanie Addis
Lealem, Emebet Birhanu
Alemu, Eyob Akalewold
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Article History
Received: 6 February 2026
Accepted: 7 May 2026
First Online: 11 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study utilized secondary data from the World Health Organization’s STEPwise Approach to NCD Risk Factor Surveillance (STEPS) survey. The data were anonymized and publicly available, and additional ethical approval from WHO steps team to download the data was approved. The original data collection received ethical clearance from the respective national ethics committees and was conducted in accordance with WHO guidelines and national regulations.
: Not applicable. This study did not involve the collection of data from individual participants by the authors.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
