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Article History

Received: 5 February 2026

Accepted: 8 May 2026

First Online: 24 May 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. This study utilized a publicly available dataset titled English Translation IoT-Enhanced Dataset obtained from the Kaggle repository ( ). The dataset contains anonymized textual and contextual information without any personally identifiable data. As the study involves secondary analysis of publicly available, non-identifiable data, ethical approval from an institutional review board or ethics committee was not required. Not applicable. The dataset used in this research was obtained from a publicly accessible Kaggle repository. Participant consent was handled by the original data providers at the time of data collection. Since this study uses only anonymized secondary data and does not involve direct interaction with human participants, additional consent to participate was not required.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.