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Article History

Received: 26 March 2026

Accepted: 20 May 2026

First Online: 11 June 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. This study relies exclusively on open-access, retrospective, and fully anonymized public datasets (sourced from Kaggle and GitHub). As the research involves secondary computational analysis and does not involve direct interaction with human participants, animal subjects, or the prospective collection of primary clinical data, formal institutional ethics committee approval (IRB) is waived. All patient health information (PHI) was thoroughly de-identified by the original dataset providers prior to public release. Not applicable. Given the use of retrospective, fully anonymized, and publicly available datasets, the requirement for informed patient consent is waived.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s identifiable data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.