Kusakunniran, Worapan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2896-611X
Aukkapinyo, Kittinun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1095-0320
Thongkanchorn, Kittikhun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6749-5904
Somsong, Pimpinan https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6477-6447
Tiyayon, Pimsiri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1532-2964
Aung, Sai Thu Ya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5067-6960
Aung, Yu Nandar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4449-1361
Suesat, Thirada https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2305-7757
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mahidol University (Fundamental Fund: fiscal year 2023 by National Science Research and Innovation Fund (FF-018/2566)
Article History
Received: 26 February 2026
Accepted: 29 May 2026
First Online: 24 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The samples of Garcinia mangostana were collected from private markets in Thailand, with the explicit permission of the owners. The study and collection were conducted in accordance with national guidelines. No specific licenses for the collection of this species were required as it is a common domestic plant variety.
Consent for publication: Not Applicable
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.