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Authors
Apeadido, Shine https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5846-2959
Owusu-Fordjour, Collins https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0323-3638
Mahama, Alhassan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9923-4410
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Article History
Received: 21 April 2026
Accepted: 24 August 2026
First Online: 5 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the Academic Board of Excellence Academic Centre in Kumasi, Ghana, acting as the Institutional Review Board (IRB) for the institution. Institutional approval was granted by the Head of the institution before the commencement of the study. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional ethical guidelines and the Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent amendments. Informed consent was secured from every individual participant who took part in this research. Parental/guardian informed consent was obtained for all participants under the age of legal majority (aged 13–16). Participants were fully briefed on the study’s objectives, confidentiality protocols, and their right to voluntary withdrawal, ensuring the protection of all participant rights.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
