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Authors
Mat Yusoff, Shahazwan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0004-1203
Mohamad Marzaini, Anwar Farhan
Zynuddin, Siti Nadya
Mat Jusoh, Ahmad Muhaimin
Basal, Mohd Helme
Alias, Nur Riza
Saad, Norhashimi
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Article History
Received: 20 April 2026
Accepted: 9 September 2026
First Online: 17 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical Approval: Not applicable.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. The study does not include any individual-level data or identifiable images requiring consent for publication.
Consent to Participate: Not applicable. This study did not involve any human participants or the collection of primary data requiring informed consent.
Conflict of interest: No conflict of interest is declared by the authors.
Clinical Trial Number: Not applicable.
AI use disclosure statement: During the preparation of this manuscript, generative AI tools were used only to assist with language editing, clarity, and manuscript refinement. The authors critically reviewed and revised all AI-assisted content and remain fully responsible for the accuracy, integrity, analysis, interpretation, and final presentation of the work.
