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Authors
Guy, Thea
Ruan, Jia-Ling
Lee, Carl
Purdie, Kaitlyn
Johnson, David
Gordon-Weeks, Alex
Nanchahal, Jagdeep
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Kennedy Trust for Rheumatology Research and 180 Life Sciences
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Article History
Received: 22 May 2025
Revised: 19 October 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 13 November 2025
Declarations
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Reporting In Vitro Experiments Responsibly (RIVER) recommendations. JN holds stock in 180 Life Sciences. The funders had no role in the design or conduct of the study. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all patients involved in this study. This study was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee established by the Health Research Authority (REC reference 21/YH/0206 and REC reference 22/SC/0429) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
