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Authors
Wang, Shun
Zhao, Guowei
Li, Hongrui
Zhang, Yi
Yao, Mengfei
Ying, Jianming
Li, Wenbin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0828-379X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of China (82541023)
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (JQ24045)
Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (2024 -2-40211)
Beijing Hope Run Special Fund of Cancer Foundation of China (LC2022L02)
CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2021-I2M-1-066)
CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2023-I2M-C&T-B-083)
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Article History
Received: 7 March 2025
Revised: 29 December 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee of the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science (approval no. 2023062109290902). This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later amendments.
: NCC-CLINDx data used in this study were anonymized and analyzed under ethical approval by Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee of the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science. All data were anonymized to protect participant confidentiality.
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
