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Authors
Murillo, A. D. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3928-819X
Lee, Y. L.
Gomes, C.
Faktor, K.
Brian, R.
Cate, O. Ten
Alseidi, A.
O’Sullivan, P.
Vu, L.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (IFE 2024-10: 25, 000)
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Article History
Received: 20 June 2025
Revised: 29 July 2025
Accepted: 8 August 2025
First Online: 29 August 2025
Declarations
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: Alyssa Murillo and Riley Brian are recipients of the Intuitive Surgical–UCSF Surgical Simulation-Based Fellowship Camilla Gomes is a Robotics and Digital Research Fellow at Johnson & Johnson MedTech, where she receives a research stipend. The relationships did not have any direct influence on the design, conduct, or findings of this study.
