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Authors
Li, Helen W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1437-2668
Zivanov, Catherine N. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7489-5386
Witty, Colleen https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6836-7268
Wise, Paul E. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3798-7913
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Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Revised: 12 November 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.
: This original work was presented at the Association for Surgical Education 2025 Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington (Abstract ID 144043 “Responsible program engagement in external international clinical rotations for residents” and Abstract ID 144794 Short-Term Surgical Missions Versus Longer International Surgical Rotations: A Rapid Qualitative Analysis Comparing the Impact of Global Surgery Models on Trainee Experiences”). This work has not been published elsewhere, nor is it currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.
