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Authors
Sobol, Carly G.
Shada, Amber
Taylor, Lauren J.
Hill, Katherine
Morgan, Courtney
Kopecky, Kimberly
Rivet, Emily
Saad, Adham
Kapadia, Muneera R.
Newcomb, Anna
Strong, Erin
Bynum, Robert
Bushaw, Kyle
Schwarze, Margaret L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7063-906X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Association for Surgical Education (CESERT Pyramid Grant)
Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation
Association for Academic Surgery Foundation
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Article History
Received: 6 July 2025
Revised: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was funded by the 2024 ASE Foundation CESERT Pyramid Grant awarded to Dr. Shada, Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation Grant awarded to Dr. Schwarze, and the 2024–2025 AAS/AASF Education Research Trainee Fellowship Award awarded to Dr. Sobol. Muneera R Kapadia, MD, MME has the following competing interests: JNJ Ethicon Medtech Consulting Adham Saad, MD has the following competing interests: serving as a consultant for Integra, and proctor for Intuitive Margaret Schwarze, MD has the following competing interests: Vital Talk – paid for travel to vital talk national meeting as a content advisor, Grants to support research: NIH: R01AG065365 (NCE), NIH: R01AG078242, NIH: K24AG073476.
