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Article History

Received: 15 October 2024

Accepted: 5 March 2025

First Online: 17 March 2025

Declarations

:

: A questionnaire-based survey of smallholder avocado farmers was used in this study. The research quality assurance and evaluation of Egerton University Ethics Review Committee (EUREC) and Kenya National Commission for Science, Technology & Innovation (NACOSTI) evaluated and approved the study’s methodology and questionnaire. The study protocols were per the ethical guidelines of EUREC and NACOSTI and followed the protocols adhered to in the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The entire participant in the study provided their informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.