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Article History

Received: 8 January 2025

Accepted: 2 July 2025

First Online: 4 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in compliance with the national ethical standards outlined in the Higher Education Proclamation No. 1152/2019 and was reviewed and approved by the Research, Community Services, and Technology Transfer Vice President Office of Arbaminch University, following the institution’s ethical research guidelines. In accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, voluntary, informed verbal consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement. The study objectives, procedures, and the confidentiality of participants’ responses were clearly explained to ensure transparency and ethical integrity. All participants provided oral informed consent, affirming their willingness to participate. All authors approved to participate in this research work and the manuscript.

: All authors approved the publication of this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.