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Article History

Received: 10 February 2025

Accepted: 14 July 2025

First Online: 19 July 2025

Change Date: 2 August 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: In this article the affiliation details for Author Moraka N. Makhura were incorrectly given as 'Department of Economics and Statistics, Moshi Co-operative University, Moshi, Tanzania' but should have been 'Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa'. The article has been updated to rectify the error.

Declarations

:

: Ethical clearance for this study was formally approved by the University of Pretoria Research Ethics Committee (Approval number NAS097/2024), ensuring the protection of participants’ rights and confidentiality. The study was conducted in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines and regulations. Throughout the data analysis and reporting process, the anonymity of participants’ identities was rigorously maintained. Furthermore, verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study, as this was deemed most appropriate given the rural settings and literacy levels of the smallholder farmers involved. All participants were adults aged 18 years and above, and were fully informed about the purpose of the study before providing their consent, which the researcher documented.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Not applicable.