Document is current

Article History

Received: 1 November 2024

Accepted: 28 July 2025

First Online: 18 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in full accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and adhered to the national ethical guidelines of Morocco governing research involving human participants. Ethical approval was granted by the Committee for Ethical Research of the Faculty of Sciences of Fez, Morocco, Department of Biology (Ref: NO-). All participants were informed about the nature and objectives of the study, and their participation was entirely voluntary. Informed consent, including consent to participate and consent for publication of anonymized data, was obtained from all respondents. Participants were also assured of their right to withdraw at any time without any consequences. Strict confidentiality and data protection measures were applied. No personally identifiable information was collected, and demographic data (such as age, gender, education level, and occupation) were gathered solely for analytical purposes.

: The authors declare no competing interests.