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Authors
Olivera, Ana Gabriela Silva
Rocha, Marina Andrade
Halim, Princella
Surbakti, Chemayanti
Dalimunthe, Aminah
Sitohang, Alex Insandus
Nurkolis, Fahrul
da Silva, Jicaury Roberta Pereira
Asevedo, Estéfani Alves
Santos, Hélio Bastia
Thomé, Ralph Gruppi
de Azambuja Ribeiro, Rosy Iara Maciel
Syahputra, Rony Abdi
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Article History
Received: 22 April 2025
Accepted: 6 September 2025
First Online: 17 October 2025
Declarations
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: All animal‐handling and experimental protocols were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia (Approval No. KEPH/183–81/2024; date of approval 15 January 2024. All procedures conformed to national regulations (Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Republik Indonesia No. 14/2021) and to the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines for reporting animal research.
: No human subjects were involved in this study; therefore, informed‑consent procedures for human participation were not applicable.
: This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data, images, or identifying information. Consequently, consent to publish from human participants was not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
